584 lines
16 KiB
HTML
584 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
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<title>The State of Open Silicon</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reset.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/reveal.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/theme/fossasia2023.css">
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<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighted code -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugin/highlight/zenburn.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="reveal">
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<div class="footer">
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<a class="url" href="https://p.xobs.io/fa23/">p.xobs.io/fa23</a>
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</div>
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<div class="slides">
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<section>
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<h2>The State of Open Silicon</h2>
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<h3>Sean "xobs" Cross, Foosn PTE Ltd</h3>
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<img data-src="img/j22-core.jpg">
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>About Me</h2>
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<img data-src="img/xobs-projects.jpg">
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Open Silicon</h2>
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<img data-src="img/caravel.jpg">
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Talk Outline</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>What does it mean for silicon to be "open"?</li>
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<li>What can we do today?</li>
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<li>What can't we do today?</li>
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<li>Where can we go from here?</li>
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</ol>
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>What does it mean for silicon to be "open"?</h2>
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<div>
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<div>Availability of:</div>
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<ol>
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<li data-fragment-index="1" class="fragment highlight-current-blue">Manuals</li>
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<li data-fragment-index="2" class="fragment highlight-current-blue">Source</li>
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<li data-fragment-index="3" class="fragment highlight-current-blue">Tooling</li>
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<li data-fragment-index="4" class="fragment highlight-current-blue">GDSII</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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<div class="r-stack">
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<img data-src="img/documentation-example-2.png" class="fragment fade-in-then-out"
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data-fragment-index="1">
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<img data-src="img/code-example.png" class="fragment fade-in-then-out"
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data-fragment-index="2">
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<img data-src="img/openlane-flow-v1.png" height="500" class="fragment fade-in-then-out"
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data-fragment-index="3">
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<img data-src="img/pmosfet.png" class="fragment fade-in" data-fragment-index="4">
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Parts of chip design</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>Nondisclosure Agreements</li>
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<li>Process Design Kit (PDK)</li>
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<li>EDA Software (tooling)</li>
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<li>IP (libraries)</li>
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<!-- <li>Fabrication method</li> -->
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</ol>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Nondisclosure Agreements</h2>
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NDAs are required for using many packages
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Process Design Kit</h2>
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<div class="r-vstack">
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<img data-src="img/metal_stack.svg" height="450" style="background-color: white;">
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<p>Example PDK stackup</p>
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</div>
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<aside class="notes">
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<ul>
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<li>Process design kits (PDKs) are closed and under NDA</li>
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<li>Mostly just a blank canvas</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>EDA Software</h2>
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<ul>
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<li data-fragment-index="2" class="fragment highlight-blue">Synthesis</li>
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<li>Power generation</li>
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<li>Clock tree synthesis</li>
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<li>Place and route</li>
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<li>Verification</li>
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<li>Simulation</li>
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</ul>
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<p data-fragment-index="1" class="fragment highlight-red">Industry tools cost $1mm plus per seat</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>IP Blocks</h2>
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<div class="r-vstack">
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<ul>
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<li>PCIe Controllers</li>
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<li>Radios</li>
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<li class="fragment highlight-green">Standard cells</li>
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</ul>
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<img data-src="img/gf180mcu_fd_sc_mcu7t5v0__latq_1.layout.png">
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Boolean Logic</h2>
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<table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th><i>p</i></th>
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<th><i>q</i></th>
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<td></td>
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<th>NOR</th>
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<th>XOR</th>
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<th>NAND</th>
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<th>AND</th>
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<th>XNOR</th>
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<th>OR</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>T</th>
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<th>T</th>
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<td></td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>T</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>T</th>
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<th>F
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</th>
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<td></td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>F</th>
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<th>T</th>
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<td></td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th>F</th>
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<th>F</th>
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<td></td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>F</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td>F</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Digital design (In The Beginning)</h2>
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<div class="r-vstack">
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<img data-src="img/6502-die-shot.jpg" height="450">
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<p>Motorola 6502, image © 2016 Pauli Rautakorpi</p>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>GD32F103CBT6</h2>
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<div class="r-stack r-stretch">
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<img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-zeptobars.jpg">
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<img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-zeptobars-annotated.jpg" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<!-- <img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-zeptobars.jpg" class="fragment fade-in-then-out"> -->
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<img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-SC1-50.jpg" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-SC1-50-tracks.jpg" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<img data-src="img/GD32F103CBT6-SC2-50.jpg" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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</div>
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<p>Image © 2016 Zeptobars</p>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Digital Synthesis (Today)</h2>
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<div class="r-vstack">
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<pre data-id="code-animation"><code class="hljs verilog" data-trim data-line-numbers>
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module and_four(input A, input B,
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input C, input D,
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output X);
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assign X = A & B & C & D;
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endmodule
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</code></pre>
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<div>Verilog: X is <code>1</code> if A, B, C, and D are all 1, otherwise X is <code>0</code>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="r-hstack fragment">
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<img data-src="img/boolean-4.png">
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<img class="fragment" data-src="img/boolean-1.png">
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- <section>
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<h2>Method to tape out</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Shuttle runs</li>
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<li>Full wafer</li>
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<li>Turnaround time is in months</li>
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</ul>
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</section> -->
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>Where are we now (in open source)?</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Things are looking pretty good!</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2 class="fragment strike highlight-green">Nondisclosure Agreements</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Open PDKs</h2>
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<ul>
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<li>Real PDKs</li>
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<ul>
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<li>SKY130</li>
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<!-- <li>SKY90FD</li> -->
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<li>GF180MCU</li>
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<li>SG13G2</li>
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</ul>
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<li>"Fake" PDKs</li>
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<ul>
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<li>FreePDK45</li>
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<li>ASAP5</li>
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<li>Many more!</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<img data-src="img/sky130-designrules.png" height="500">
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Hardware Synthesis</h2>
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<img data-src="img/yosys-startup.jpg">
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<ul>
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<li>Yosys (Verilog)</li>
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<li>Plugins:</li>
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<ul>
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<li>GHDL (VHDL)</li>
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<li>UHDM (SystemVerilog)</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- <section>
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<h2>High level languages</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>LiteX <i>Python</i></li>
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<li>SpinalHDL <i>Scala</i></li>
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<li>XLS</li>
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<li>Chisel <i>Scala</i></li>
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<li>Clash <i>Haskell</i></li>
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</ul>
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</section> -->
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<section>
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<h2>Placement, Routing, PDN, etc...</h2>
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<img data-src="img/openroad-gui.jpg">
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<aside class="notes">
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<ul>
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<li>OpenROAD</li>
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<li>Integrates other tools natively</li>
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<li>Competitive with closed tools</li>
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</ul>
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</aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Direct Cell Design and Inspection</h2>
|
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<img data-src="img/klayout-gui.jpg" class="r-stretch">
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<!-- <ul>
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<li>Magic</li>
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<li>KLayout</li>
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</ul> -->
|
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</section>
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<section>
|
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<h2>Available IP</h2>
|
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<div>
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<img data-src="img/Riscduino_Soc.png" height="500">
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<div>Dinesh Annayya</div>
|
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</div>
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<ul>
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<ul>
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<li>CPU</li>
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<li>FPGA</li>
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<li>SPI</li>
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<li>USB</li>
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<li>AES</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li>DAC</li>
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<li>ADC</li>
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<li>PLL</li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Standard cells</h2>
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<div>
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<ul>
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<li>SKY130</li>
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<li>GF180MCU</li>
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<li>OSU018</li>
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<li>LibreSilicon</li>
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</ul>
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<img data-src="img/sky130_fd_sc_hd__dfrbp_2-zoomed.svg">
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- <section>
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<h2>Simulation</h2>
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<div class="r-hstack">
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<ul>
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<li>GHDL</li>
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<li>Icarus Verilog</li>
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<li>Verilator</li>
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<li>GTKWave</li>
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<li>Spice</li>
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</ul>
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<img data-src="img/gtkwave-gui.png">
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</div>
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</section> -->
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h2>What can't we do today?</h2>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Memories are still hard</h2>
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<div class="r-stack">
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<ul data-fragment-index="1" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<li>Density is constantly improving</li>
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<li>Expect kilobytes of RAM on a chip</li>
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<ul>
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<li>Compare to megabytes of cache</li>
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</ul>
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<li>A ~4x increase is possible</li>
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<li>Experimental ROM support</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2">
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<div class="r-stack">
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<img data-fragment-index="2" data-src="img/minimax-cpu-vs-memories.jpg"
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class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<img data-fragment-index="3" data-src="img/minimax-cpu-vs-memories-mem.jpg"
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class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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<img data-fragment-index="4" data-src="img/minimax-cpu-vs-memories-cpu.jpg"
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class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
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</div>
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<div class="r-stack">
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<div data-fragment-index="2" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">RAM, Registers, CPU</div>
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<div data-fragment-index="3" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">RAM, Registers, CPU</div>
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<div data-fragment-index="4" class="fragment fade-in-then-out">RAM, Registers, CPU</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="fragment fade-in-then-out" data-fragment-index="5">
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<img data-src="img/SCMOS_16kb_sram.jpg" height="400">
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<div>16 kB RAM, 3.3V</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h2>Nonvolatile storage is still hard</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>No EEPROM or flash</li>
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<li>ReRAM is experimental on SKY130</li>
|
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<li>Just use external SPI flash</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</section>
|
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<section>
|
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<h2>PDKs are large nodes</h2>
|
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<div class="r-stack">
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|
<!-- <li>180nm: Playstation 2 "Emotion Engine"</li>
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<li>130nm: Gamecube CPU "Gekko": 43 mm<sup>2</sup> (2001)</li> -->
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<img class="fragment fade-in-then-out" data-src="img/180nm-examples.png">
|
|
<img class="fragment fade-in-then-out" data-src="img/130nm-examples.png">
|
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<div class="fragment fade-in-then-out">
|
|
<img data-src="img/blinker-HD.jpg" height="400">
|
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<p>Flicker LED circuit, 3µm, image © 2015 Zeptobars</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>Analogue IP is still difficult</h2>
|
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<ul>
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<li>Some tapeouts exist, but documentation is scarce</li>
|
|
<li>Need more integration examples</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
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<h2>What about taping out chips?</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
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<li>Google OpenMPW</li>
|
|
<li>ChipIgnite</li>
|
|
<li>EuroPractice</li>
|
|
<li>Muse</li>
|
|
<li>SIMC</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="fade-in fragment">
|
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<div class="fragment highlight-red">Expect to pay $10,000 - $50,000</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>Where are we going from here?</h2>
|
|
<h3>And how you help</h3>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>More open projects</h2>
|
|
<img data-src="img/openmpw-shuttle.jpg">
|
|
<p>developers.google.com/silicon</p>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>Education</h2>
|
|
<img data-src="img/tinytapeout.jpg">
|
|
<p>$25 tinytapeout.com</p>
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<p>Zero-to-ASIC zerotoasiccourse.com</p>
|
|
<!-- <ul>
|
|
<li>NDA-free design</li>
|
|
<li>Many more hobbyists</li>
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<li>Zero-to-ASIC course</li>
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|
</ul> -->
|
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</section>
|
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<section>
|
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<h2>More analogue design</h2>
|
|
<div class="r-vstack">
|
|
<img data-src="img/siliwiz-gui.png" height="450">
|
|
<p>app.siliwiz.com</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- <ul>
|
|
<li>Siliwiz</li>
|
|
</ul> -->
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>Smaller process nodes?</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>OpenROAD has been tested on smaller nodes</li>
|
|
<li>No deep-submicron NDA-free PDKs yet</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section>
|
|
<h2>More involvement</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>OpenMPW -- developers.google.com/silicon</li>
|
|
<li>Tiny Tapeout -- tinytapeout.com</li>
|
|
<li>Siliwiz -- app.siliwiz.com</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<img class="fragment" data-src="img/j22-core.jpg">
|
|
<h2 class="fragment">Thank you</h2>
|
|
<h3 class="fragment">Questions?</h3>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<script src="dist/reveal.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="plugin/notes/notes.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="plugin/zoom/zoom.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="plugin/markdown/markdown.js"></script>
|
|
<script src="plugin/highlight/highlight.js"></script>
|
|
<script>
|
|
/** This used to be a part of Reveal.js, but was removed at some point */
|
|
function getQueryHash() {
|
|
function deserialize(value) {
|
|
if (typeof value === 'string') {
|
|
if (value === 'null') return null;
|
|
else if (value === 'true') return true;
|
|
else if (value === 'false') return false;
|
|
else if (value.match(/^-?[\d\.]+$/)) return parseFloat(value);
|
|
}
|
|
return value;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let query = {};
|
|
location.search.replace(/[A-Z0-9]+?=([\w\.%-]*)/gi, a => {
|
|
query[a.split('=').shift()] = a.split('=').pop();
|
|
});
|
|
// Basic deserialization
|
|
for (let i in query) {
|
|
let value = query[i];
|
|
|
|
query[i] = deserialize(unescape(value));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Do not accept new dependencies via query config to avoid
|
|
// the potential of malicious script injection
|
|
if (typeof query['dependencies'] !== 'undefined') delete query['dependencies'];
|
|
|
|
return query;
|
|
}
|
|
var presenter = !!getQueryHash().s;
|
|
var stream = !!getQueryHash().stream;
|
|
|
|
// More info about initialization & config:
|
|
// - https://revealjs.com/initialization/
|
|
// - https://revealjs.com/config/
|
|
reveal_dependencies = [
|
|
{ src: 'https://reveal-multiplex.glitch.me/socket.io/socket.io.js', async: true },
|
|
];
|
|
if (presenter) {
|
|
reveal_dependencies.push({ src: 'https://reveal-multiplex.glitch.me/master.js', async: true },);
|
|
} else {
|
|
reveal_dependencies.push({ src: 'https://reveal-multiplex.glitch.me/client.js', async: true });
|
|
}
|
|
Reveal.initialize({
|
|
hash: true,
|
|
|
|
controls: presenter ? false : (stream ? false : true),
|
|
progress: true,
|
|
history: true,
|
|
center: true,
|
|
controlsTutorial: presenter ? false : (stream ? false : true),
|
|
|
|
slideNumber: presenter ? null : (stream ? null : 'c/t'),
|
|
|
|
// The "normal" size of the presentation, aspect ratio will be preserved
|
|
// when the presentation is scaled to fit different resolutions. Can be
|
|
// specified using percentage units.
|
|
width: 1280,
|
|
height: 840,
|
|
|
|
// Factor of the display size that should remain empty around the content
|
|
margin: 0.1,
|
|
|
|
multiplex: {
|
|
// Example values. To generate your own, see the socket.io server instructions.
|
|
secret: getQueryHash().s || null,
|
|
id: '54917777254025e5',
|
|
url: 'https://p.xobs.io/'
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Bounds for smallest/largest possible scale to apply to content
|
|
minScale: 0.02,
|
|
maxScale: 5.5,
|
|
|
|
defaultTiming: 41,
|
|
|
|
transition: 'slide', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
|
|
|
|
// Don't forget to add the dependencies
|
|
dependencies: reveal_dependencies,
|
|
|
|
// Learn about plugins: https://revealjs.com/plugins/
|
|
plugins: [RevealMarkdown, RevealHighlight, RevealZoom, RevealNotes]
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
</html>
|